Component Catalog

Welcome to the OpenHW Studio Component Catalog. This document provides a complete technical reference for all virtual electronic components available on the simulator canvas. Every component is modeled with realistic physical specifications, pin layouts, and specific safety rules.

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1. Microcontrollers & Development Boards

Microcontrollers serve as the brain of your circuits. They run compiled firmware, generate PWM signals, read analog sensors, and communicate via digital protocols.

Arduino Uno (openhw-arduino-uno)

• Description: The classic ATmega328P-based development board. Operating voltage is 5V.
• Pinout:
  • 5V, 3.3V, GND (3x), RESET, IOREF, AREF.
  • A0 to A5 (Analog Inputs / Digital GPIO).
  • D0 to D13 (Digital GPIO; D3, D5, D6, D9, D10, D11 support PWM).
• Specifications: Max GPIO source/sink: 20mA. Total board current limit: 200mA.
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule mcu-power-check: Warns if power pins (5V/GND) are shorted or miswired.
  • Rule serial-pin-clash: Checks if Pin 0/1 are used for GPIO while Serial is active.

Arduino Nano (openhw-arduino-nano)

• Description: Compact version of the Uno using the ATmega328P. Excellent for breadboard layouts.
• Pinout: Identical to Uno, with additional analog input pins A6 and A7 (analog input only).
• Specifications: Max GPIO current: 20mA.

Arduino Mega 2560 (openhw-arduino-mega)

• Description: Mega-sized development board powered by the ATmega2560.
• Pinout: 54 digital I/O pins (15 PWM), 16 analog inputs, and 4 UART serial ports.
• Specifications: Max GPIO current: 20mA.

Raspberry Pi Pico (openhw-pico)

• Description: RP2040-based dual-core ARM Cortex-M0+ board operating at 3.3V.
• Pinout:
  • GP0 to GP22, GP26 to GP28 (GPIO/ADC).
  • VBUS (5V USB power), VSYS (system input), 3V3 (output power), AGND, GND.
• Specifications: Max GPIO source/sink: 16mA (configurable). GPIO inputs are not 5V tolerant.
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule rp2040-overvoltage: Critical safety block if a voltage exceeding 3.6V is directly connected to any GP pin.

Raspberry Pi Pico W (openhw-pico-w)

• Description: RP2040 Pico board featuring an onboard Infineon CYW43439 wireless chip for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
• Pinout & Specs: Identical to the standard Pico.

ATtiny85 (openhw-attiny85)

• Description: Low-power 8-bit AVR microcontroller in an 8-pin DIP package.
• Pinout: VCC, GND, PB0 to PB5 (GPIO, ADC, PWM).
• Specifications: Operating range: 2.7V to 5.5V. Max GPIO current: 20mA.

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2. Discrete Passive Components

Passives restrict current flow, store charge, protect components, or buffer signals.

Resistor (openhw-resistor)

• Description: Two-terminal linear passive resistor. Limits current flow.
• Pins: 1, 2 (Bi-directional).
• Attributes: value (resistance in Ohms, e.g., 220, 10k), powerRating (default 0.25 Watts).
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule resistor-wattage: Calculates $P = I^2 \times R$. Raises a safety warning if the calculated dissipation exceeds the power rating (e.g. putting $10\Omega$ directly across 5V).

Potentiometer & Slide Potentiometer (openhw-potentiometer / openhw-slide-potentiometer)

• Description: Three-terminal variable resistor with a sliding/rotating wiper.
• Pins:
  • 1 (Terminal A), 2 (Wiper), 3 (Terminal B).
• Attributes: value (total resistance, e.g., 10k).
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule potentiometer-wiring-safety: Warns if Terminals 1 and 3 are left unconnected, or if Wiper 2 is wired directly to VCC and GND with 0$\Omega$ resistance, preventing a short-circuit when swept to maximum or minimum.

Diode (openhw-diode)

• Description: Two-terminal semiconductor that permits current flow in one direction only.
• Pins: A (Anode), K (Cathode).
• Specifications: Forward voltage drop ($V_f$): 0.7V. Reverse breakdown: 50V.
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule diode-reverse-voltage: Warns if the cathode is subjected to a voltage higher than the anode by more than the reverse breakdown voltage.

NPN Transistor (openhw-npn-transistor)

• Description: Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) used for switching and amplification.
• Pins: C (Collector), B (Base), E (Emitter).
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule npn-base-resistor: Warns if the Base (B) pin is directly driven by an MCU GPIO without a current-limiting resistor, which would burn out the base-emitter junction.

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3. Indicators & Outputs

Indicators translate electrical signals into light or sound.

Light Emitting Diode (openhw-led)

• Description: Polarized semiconductor light source.
• Pins: A (Anode), K (Cathode).
• Attributes: color (red, green, blue, yellow, white).
• Physical Specs: Forward voltage drop: 2.0V (Red/Yellow) to 3.2V (Blue/White/Green). Max current: 20mA.
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule led-floating-pins: Warns if either Anode or Cathode is left disconnected.
  • Rule led-overcurrent: Critical error if the forward current exceeds 30mA (e.g. driving an LED directly from an Arduino Pin without a 220$\Omega$ series resistor).

RGB LED (openhw-rgb-led)

• Description: 4-pin LED containing Red, Green, and Blue junctions in one package.
• Pins: R (Red Anode), G (Green Anode), B (Blue Anode), COM (Common Cathode / Common Anode).

Buzzer (openhw-buzzer)

• Description: Piezoelectric or magnetic transducer that produces sound.
• Pins: 1 (Positive), 2 (GND).
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule buzzer-series-resistor: Warns if connected directly to MCU GPIOs without a series resistor or driver transistor.

NeoPixel Ring & NeoPixel Matrix (openhw-neopixel-ring / openhw-neopixel-matrix)

• Description: Individually addressable RGB LEDs using the WS2812B protocol.
• Pins: VCC (5V), GND, DIN (Data In), DOUT (Data Out).
• Specifications: Typical current: 60mA per pixel at full white brightness.
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule neopixel-power-load: Warns if a matrix with more than 8 pixels is powered directly from the MCU's 5V regulator without an external power supply.

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4. Display Modules

Visual interfaces for displaying text, values, charts, or images.

LCD1602 / LCD1602 I2C / LCD2004 I2C (openhw-lcd1602 / openhw-lcd1602-i2c / openhw-lcd2004-i2c)

• Description: Character LCDs displaying text (16x2 or 20x4). The I2C versions include a PCF8574 expansion backplane to reduce wiring.
• Pins (Standard): VSS (GND), VDD (5V), V0 (Contrast), RS, RW, E, D0 to D7, A (Backlight Anode), K (Backlight Cathode).
• Pins (I2C): GND, VCC, SDA, SCL.
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule lcd-i2c-connections: Confirms power, ground, and I2C lines are active and routed to an MCU with pull-ups.

SSD1306 OLED Display (openhw-ssd1306-oled)

• Description: High-contrast monochrome $128\times64$ dot-matrix screen utilizing the SSD1306 controller via I2C.
• Pins: GND, VCC (3.3V or 5V), SCL, SDA.
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule ssd1306-i2c-interface-check: Warns if I2C SDA/SCL lines are floating, or if VCC/GND connections do not reach the correct power supply rails.

Nokia 5110 Display (openhw-nokia-5110)

• Description: Classic $84\times48$ pixel graphic LCD driven by the PCD8544 controller over SPI.
• Pins: RST, CE (Chip Select), DC (Data/Command), DIN, CLK, VCC, LIGHT (Backlight), GND.

ILI9341 TFT Display (openhw-ili9341)

• Description: $320\times240$ color TFT screen driven by the ILI9341 controller using high-speed SPI.
• Pins: VCC, GND, CS, RESET, DC, SDI (MOSI), SCK, LED (Backlight), SDO (MISO).

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5. Actuators & Drivers

Actuators create movement, while drivers act as high-power bridges.

DC Motor (openhw-motor)

• Description: Direct current motor. Speed is regulated via voltage or PWM.
• Pins: 1, 2.
• Specifications: Typical operating voltage: 3V to 6V. Stall current: up to 1.2A.
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule motor-direct-drive: Critical safety warning if connected directly to an MCU GPIO pin, which cannot supply the required current and lacks flyback protection.

Stepper Motor (openhw-stepper-motor)

• Description: Multi-phase brushless DC motor used for precise rotational steps.
• Pins: A+, A-, B+, B- (4-wire bipolar setup).

Servo Motor (openhw-servo)

• Description: Positional rotary actuator containing internal gearing and feedback control.
• Pins: PWM (Signal), V+ (Power), GND (Ground).
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule servo-power-and-signal-check: Warns if any of the three pins are disconnected or floating.

L293D Dual H-Bridge & A4988 Stepper Driver (openhw-l293d / openhw-a4988)

• Description: High-power motor driver ICs. The L293D drives two DC motors; the A4988 drives a bipolar stepper motor using microstepping.
• Pins (L293D): 1,2EN, 1A, 1Y, GND (4x), VCC1 (5V logic), VCC2 (Motor power), 2A, 2Y, 3A, 3Y, 4A, 4Y, 3,4EN.
• Pins (A4988): ENABLE, MS1, MS2, MS3, RESET, SLEEP, STEP, DIR, VMOT, GND (2x), VDD, 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B.

Relay Module (openhw-relay-module)

• Description: Electrically operated electromagnetic switch providing isolation between low-power logic and high-power loads.
• Pins: IN (Control), VCC, GND (Input side); NO (Normally Open), COM (Common), NC (Normally Closed) (Output side).

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6. Sensors

Sensors translate environmental conditions into analog voltages or digital signals.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor (openhw-hc-sr04)

• Description: Non-contact distance measurement sensor using ultrasonic sound pulses.
• Pins: VCC (5V), TRIG (Trigger input), ECHO (Echo output), GND.
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule hcsr04-echo-level-check: Warns if the 5V ECHO output is directly connected to a 3.3V MCU (like Raspberry Pi Pico) without a voltage divider resistor network.

NTC Temperature Sensor & NTC Thermistor (openhw-ntc-temperature-sensor / openhw-ntc-thermistor)

• Description: Negative Temperature Coefficient temperature measurement sensors. The module version includes an integrated op-amp to output clean analog and digital signals.
• Pins (Thermistor): 1, 2 (Passive resistance).
• Pins (Sensor Module): VCC, GND, AO (Analog Out), DO (Digital Out).

Soil Moisture Sensor (openhw-soil-moisture-sensor)

• Description: Soil moisture probe measuring volumetric water content based on electrical conductivity.
• Pins: VCC, GND, AO (Analog Out), DO (Digital Out).

BMP180 Pressure & Temp Sensor (openhw-bmp180)

• Description: High-precision barometric pressure sensor using the I2C protocol.
• Pins: VCC, GND, SDA, SCL.

MAX30102 Heart Rate Sensor (max30102)

• Description: Pulse oximeter and heart-rate sensor module using red/IR LEDs and photodetectors communicating over I2C.
• Pins: VIN, GND, SDA, SCL, INT (Interrupt).

DS1307 Real-Time Clock (openhw-ds1307-rtc)

• Description: Low-power, full binary-coded decimal (BCD) real-time clock chip.
• Pins: VCC, GND, SDA, SCL, BAT (Backup battery connection).

Rotary Encoder (openhw-rotary-encoder)

• Description: Rotational input device returning gray-code pulse transitions indicating direction and speed of rotation. Includes a push button.
• Pins: CLK, DT, SW (Switch), VCC, GND.

DS18B20 1-Wire Temperature Sensor (openhw-ds18b20)

• Description: Maxim 1-Wire programmable digital temperature sensor ($9$ to $12$-bit resolution).
• Pins: GND, DQ (Data), VDD (3.3V or 5V).
• Validation Checks: Warns if data pin DQ lacks a pull-up resistor or is wired to an incompatible voltage rail.

IR Receiver (openhw-ir-receiver)

• Description: 38 kHz infrared demodulator module (VS1838B compatible) supporting NEC protocol decoding.
• Pins: OUT (Demodulated signal), GND, VCC (3.3V or 5V).

MFRC522 RFID Reader (openhw-mfrc522)

• Description: SPI-based 13.56 MHz contactless smart card reader supporting Mifare Classic 1K tags/fobs.
• Pins: 3V3 (3.3V ONLY), RST, GND, IRQ, MISO, MOSI, SCK, SDA (CS/SS).
• Validation Checks:
  • Rule mfrc522-voltage-check: Critical error if powered by 5V instead of 3.3V.
  • Rule mfrc522-spi-check: Warns if any required SPI pins are unconnected.

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7. Storage, Expansion & Logic ICs

These chips expand the capability of microcontrollers, providing memory, extra pins, or hardware logic.

SD Card Module (openhw-sd-card)

• Description: SPI-based flash memory card storage reader.
• Pins: GND, VCC (5V/3.3V), MISO, MOSI, SCK, CS.

CD74HC4067 Multiplexer (openhw-cd74hc4067)

• Description: 16-channel analog multiplexer/demultiplexer. Routes one shared signal to 1 of 16 pins.
• Pins: SIG (Signal), S0 to S3 (Select lines), EN (Enable), VCC, GND, C0 to C15 (Channels).

PCA9685 PWM Driver (openhw-pca9685)

• Description: 16-channel, 12-bit PWM I2C-bus controller optimized for driving servos and LEDs.
• Pins: VCC, GND, SDA, SCL, OE (Output Enable), and 16 channels of 3-pin headers (PWM, V+, GND).

74HC595 / NLSF595 Shift Register (openhw-nlsf595 / shift_register)

• Description: 8-bit serial-in, parallel-out shift register. Converts three serial control pins into eight parallel outputs.
• Pins: QA to QH (Outputs), GND, QH' (Serial Out), VCC, SER (Serial Data), OE (Output Enable), RCLK (Latch), SRCLK (Clock), SRCLR (Clear).

Digital Logic Gates & Flip-Flops

• Types: AND (logic-and-gate), OR (logic-or-gate), NOT (logic-not-gate), NAND (logic-nand-gate), NOR (logic-nor-gate), XOR (logic-xor-gate), XNOR (logic-xnor-gate), 2-to-1 MUX (logic-mux-2to1), D-FlipFlop (logic-d-flipflop), Clock Generator (logic-clock-generator), 74xx gate ICs (logic-ic-74xx).
• Description: Standard Boolean logic blocks used to build discrete logic networks.

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8. Power & Prototyping Utilities

Utility components that distribute power and facilitate prototyping.

Breadboard / Half / Mini (openhw-breadboard / openhw-breadboard-half / openhw-breadboard-mini)

• Description: Standard solderless prototyping boards. Wires attached to any pin on a 5-pin vertical column are automatically connected.
• Validation Checks:
  • Breadboard Rail Verification: Tracks that positive supply rails (red) and ground rails (blue) are not bridged together.

Power Supply Module (openhw-power-supply)

• Description: Dual-rail breadboard power supply regulating USB/DC input down to selectable 3.3V or 5V rails.
• Pins: V+ (3.3V/5V selectable), GND.

Battery & Charger (openhw-battery / openhw-charger)

• Description: 3.7V LiPo or 9V battery modules coupled with micro-USB TP4056 chargers to simulate standalone portable electronics.